Ejector



May 22, 1945.

R. R. BOYLES ET AL 2,376,326 l EJE'CTOR File'd May 2, 1942 3 sheets-sheet 1 May 22, 1945.

R. R. BOYLES ET AL EJECTOR Filed May 2, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 22, 1945. R. R. BoYLEs ETAL 2,376,325

EJECTOR I Filed May 2, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 i Patented MayVZZ, 1945` t ""nmo'ron. l. t. o nains 1r! styles and Edward A. Wilhelm,^st`` l I Paul, `Mimi; assignors .to Waterous Company, i Stllaulg. Minn., acm-poration @Minnesota .x `mail??atifm.1min 2,.1942,'.S'o1gial190.4.,@1542114 i z. Claim?, (o1. gewas,...

is: citen. necessary to drawwater. from a, sounce ot supnly `consideralhlyA ow the level. of. thelpumpi and the` eiectonmust be suiieiaitly etfectiveto prime:` the.centrifuga1= pump; under suon coniif tions.. x i

An Qbiect of. thei presenta' invention liesin the iormationot the ejectonfonthe particular shape and size oi the san-1o.IfqtlieV ejector. is of iniproper` size, it will not function, emciently `for its prescribed nusnose., For: examplen if 1 the. ejectot nozzle is too-larga c-:ompauseit` to the engine,l Ywith which it is; used, the. exhaust pressure obtainable from the engine is;insumcient.toproduce the necessonnsuctiorr.. On. theother. hand-,- i-f the nozzle i Such pumps areotten usedl in; conjunc` The valve is interposed between the internahcomhustionengi-nei exhaust pipe leadingto the endial-:fletes` is too small:` excessive: back pressure `is cheated, which.mightscause'iniuryto the engine-f We have .ti-ius` toi-indythatthe` size anch shape .ot

the `ejector bears a deniteyrelation izo-themas.

ti'cular motor towhieh it; is. connectedl y This eiectorfnozzleis tapered tgtoznfitsI entier-ice end` to arpoint intermediate the emula` of `the nozzle.. .li-nom this point,` the nozzle tapers out. hardly?. toward the outlet of` the.` nozzle theA `degree oi tauerincreasi-ng. near the outlet endtheseoi..

construction; thereby presents. a nozzle nassage whichi is. constnueted the'. 'maximum aniotmt at a point. intermediate the ndso the nozzle and allows expansion` ofthe gases beyomithis point, greatly' increasing theeiiiciencyoitthe nozzlel l l Al urther feature of: the presentinnen-tion.4 lies inthe shape of `the bore within which the exhaust nozzle is positioned. `This nozzle is, so shaneot-Jas oi: smallest diameter. at.- af notation wairdly fromtheoutlet oi the ejector, nlozzleiu The Y bore `tapers outwardlytowaizdtiie endc or outlet of-the ejectoizv to: allow` a1 amount expansion; oi the gsi-sos,` A'mais constisuction-` hasr been tonno extremely efcient tonite. pnescnibed. nunposee..

t A` i'zurtheiteatune; oftthe present invention lies thel provision of a double; seated valuewhihhlis] pivotallv' mounted to. pivotimnt one extreme `)gio-` sition. in which:L the. elector iscutoiifs `to a: seuloxiri-` positioninwhich. the, outlet exhaust is. cut om i ci' nozzlet gine, the. engine nimmer, andgthe: ejecton gases `tromY the eng-ine: may thus: be= selectively directed either through the muffler on throughthe ej ector and. either position of; the volvo the element throughwhichithe exhaust isinotdirected i isy out. off. from receiving, any of. theexha-int; t. These amd othen objects anctnoyei teatunes of our. invention Willi be more cleanly and. fullsv set fouthi inthe :following speciiication and.` claims..

` In the drawings torminggapart: of ourspeciii'.- cation:

Figure 1. is airontelevational view` of an.. intennel comhustionengine having. `our ejector and valve.- eonnected thereto. t t t f t Figure. 2:is o.V side elevational view ot the engine and. ejoctoi` `slimming the. relationship of the elector tot the cemtriiugai pumpyandlto the en.-

s'lnea. i i i Figure.- 3 issn. elevational view ot the ejector andvalive unit. o i t Altilire 4- is a verical cross-sectional view through the ejector ancl` velue' unit, the: position of the section. being indicated. bzvl the line,VA oi Figuxe. 5 is across-sectional. vieu through the who. the. position of the, sectionY beine indicated by line 5-5-oi`1iiguze 3.. 1

Figure 6 is atop plan View of. the ejector. Figure 'Z is. a vertical section through. the eiecf toit. the position` of. `the seotion.- being indicated by the-line 'l-fl of. Fig-.tirent` Figure 8- `is a. vertical. section through the: eiecmeure 9 is. a. vertical section` through the e-jector casi-ng. thefposition of the section loein-'gpimiim cated by the line 9-9 of Figure 6. i t

` Figufe i of the drawings illustrates an engine o al common type, iii-olicatedin` general by the lettee A. eng-ineis: alreight cylinder engine hating two banks. .oi cylindeizss t0 and. Ila, each owhich isnmvided with` an exhaust laine` which conducts the exhaust fromwthe cyiindersf., The ciyilinoier tlv is pisoiviieleci.v withthe common. exhaust maniiold 92,. while the cylindersn [klare provided manifolds t2` anni i3 are: connected together at Il;

as. illustrated in Figure 0f the dfawings', and` conduct the exhaust. gases; through the elbovo` yi 5i.

'Eheelhoiv` l5 communicatesswiththe tubuiar exhaust. t6., which in, theiforrkrl illustrated, extends, uerizicallu:from:` theelbowl I5; Y Securedto the; top. ot the pipe im we pnovide the valve cas- Bsf which communicates .with `the ezieetone and also with an 'elbow I1, which communicates with the engine muler I9.

The centrifugal pump D is secured to the motor' housing to be rotated thereby. 'I'he pump D may be of any suitable type, and is shown having a central intake port 20 and an outlet 2|. The

pump outlet 2| is controlled by the valve within the valvecasing rv2,2, which in turn isv manually operatedby the Valve operating lever'23. i Amex- 4ible or rigid intake pipe 24 communicates with a suitable source of supply of liquid to be pumped,-

and the outlet pipe 2| communicates through the valve 22 to the tubular member 25 through which may pass the pumped liquid. f

A suction connection 26 isA connected to .thez

-When the valve element 46 is in the position illustrated in full lines in Figure 4 of the drawings, the passage t the muiiler I9 is closed so pump casing at any suitableposition, such as tof.. g the top o'f the intake passageZIl. r',Ihe other end, I, u of this suction conduit 26 is shown iti-Figure'v 3 of the drawings as connected to the suction chamber of theejecto C, as will be later describedfin de'ta'l.A 4IThe valvecasing 'Bis provided withfa'n inlet opening 21 which communicateswith the exhaust pipel and which`is` secured thereto byany suitablei'm'eans; Axially aligned with the inlet 1- opening 21 we providean loutletopening 29; A valve 'seat' 30 is bolted to thecasing body 3l of the valve B and is secured Ythereto by any suitable means, such as by the cap screws `32. The elbow I1 communicating vwith the muiiier I9 is provided with a flange -33` whichis securedfby cap screws 34 or' other suitable means to the valve seat' 30.

At right angles tothe outlet passage '29, we provide a second outlet passage35. An elbow 36 is provided with a flange 31 whichabuts'against the casing body 3| to form a valve seat. The elbowj36 is held in placefby'any suitable means, such as by'the'cap screwsf39. 'The passage 40 through the elbow'36 is of smaller diameter than the outlet opening 35 so that a shoulder IIIl is l'provided against vwhich the' valve may seat.

A shaft 42 extends through the body'BI of the valve B.' An'arm 43 `i`s"pr'ovided with a collar v44 keyed to theshaft 42;"1They arm 43 extends between a pair of connecting arms 45 of the valve element 46, The arms 45 are pivotally attached to the arm 43y by means of a pivot 41 which extends through lthev arms' 43'and45; A circular valve 49 is provided on vone end of theconnecting arms 45 ldesigned to fitagainst the valve seat shoulders 4I, 'and' va second circular valve element 561s secured tothe opposite end of the arms 45 to seat againstthevalve seatv 30. As il` lustrated in Figure 4 of the drawings, thevplassage I through the valve seat 30`is of smaller diameter `than the koutlet vpassage 2,9, sov as to provide a shoulder against whichI th'evalve element 50 may engage. f '-1 v y.

In order to hold the valve 46 in either extreme positiony a collar 525is secured tothe shaft 42 by means of *a set screw 53',v or by'other'` suitable means'. This colla'1""52is Vprovided with an arm 54 and an arm '48 `by 'meansY of which the c ollar may if-"desired be pivoted. A boss 55 projects outwardly fromvl eaehside of the valve casing body 3l. `A stub shaft 56 is threadably rotatably mounted in the boss 55. =A rod 51 extends through the shaft 56 and a pivot4 59 on one end of the rod 51 extends through the arm-54. 'A spring 60 encircles "the "rod 51* thereby exerting pressure against the arm V54 to force this arm away from the shaft 56. This arm 54 is' rotatable with the shaftto pass through dead centerso' that when the vshaft. 42? is in positionto urge the valve 46 againstthe Shoulderf52,the"spring 51 assists this that the. exhaust, gases from the engine A are di- ,rected tliroughthe ejector C. When the valve element 46 is in the position illustrated in dotted outline in Figure `4 of the drawings, the exhaust gases from the motor A are directed through the elbow.I1 and the muiiler I9.

The elbow 36 is provided at its outlet end with aangje'll A similar flange 62 is provided at the upper extreintyoftheejector C. The flanges 6I and v62 are `clamped together by cap screws 63 "or' other similar means. cludes an elongated 'tubular body 64 ywhich is open at its upperandlo'werends.' With refervence to Figures 6 through 9, it will be noted that a tubular inlet passage"65 is provided which is preferably axially valigned with the Ipassage* 40 through the elbow' 36. f An enlarged suction chamber 61 is provided which is equipped with an inlet opening 69 toaccommodate the suction connection 26 connected' toA a priming valve 68,1 then tothe centrifugal piunp. Anaxially aligned bore 1B `extendsthrough the -tubularbody 64. This bore 10 includes an inwardly tapering entrance portion 1I, a substantiallycylindricalfintermediate' portion 12, andan' 'outwardly tapered outlet portion 13. The size and shape of the bore 10 is of considerable importance, as will be later describedin detail.

A" circular recess 14 is provided atuthe upper extremity of the inlet passage 65t`o receive the circular 'ange' 66 of thel ejector nozzle 61. The nozzle 61 is preferably tapered'on its outer surface* from the larger diameter end adjacent the flange 66'to the nozzle outletv 15. 'A nozzle passage 16 extends' through the nozzle 61, and the shape of this passage 16'forms anv important part of the present invention. l u

The nozzle passagel 16 includes an inwardly tapered entrance portion 11 whichieads tothe most constricted area 19l 'of the nozzle. An outwardly tapering passage l'icomrnunicatesl with theinwardly taperingwpassage 11, and this passage portion extends to a' short distance from the outlet end `15 of'the nozzle.' An outwardly flaring passage portion 8I 'communicates with the passage 80 and extends to the outlet end of the nozzle. Thus the passage" 11 tapers inwardly to a point intermediate the'ends of the nozzle and from this point'to the loutlet of the nozzle tapers outwardly, r'st gradually, land finally at an increased angle. I f 'y We have found thatl the sizes' and 'proportions of the ejectorA have va' directv bearing on the size of the engine withwhch the ejector is -used. AIn other words, we'have found that the'area of the exhaust nozzle at its most constrict'ed' point should be from 00087 times the maximum brake horsepower to .0035 timesl the'V maximum brake horsepower. If the area is less than this amount the back pressure'agaist the'engine i's too great to 'permit eflicient operation'hofthe engine. ',O'n the other hand, if they areaA offthe 4nozzleis greater than this amount, the maximum suction will not be created. Accordingly, if the maximum brake horsepower of the engine is multiplied by .ooosv and `again by .0035 the emits of the area in square inches will be given. p

` Once thearea ofthe nozzle is known the diam eter of the nozzle may be determined from the formula area equals DZ/s.` This will provide the i diameter indicated in the gures by the letter F. In the uselof the letter F, it should be considered to be the diameter `of a circular area in square inches of from .00087 to .0035 maximum brake horsepower.

Wehave found that the following ejector dimensions may be based upon the diameter of the ejector nozzle,` The dimensions to which the various letters'refer maybe noted in Figures 8 and 9 of the drawings. f

G is preferably 6.3 F, and may vary from 3 .Ito

9x1.V i H equals 3XF, and may vary from 11/2 to 41/2 XF.

J equals 3.3 XF, and mayvaryfrom `11/2 to 41/2 XF.

K equals .6 F, and may vary from .3 F, to .9 F.` 1

`vary from 1.12511 to L equals 1.25XF. and may 1.375 F.

N equals substantially 7.5 F to 12.5 F.`

O equals 1.3 to 1.7 F.

P equals substantially N l5.

Q equals substantially N/4.4.

R equals substantially N/1.75;

Angle a equals Vf, and may vary from A" to 3.

Angle b equals 8?, and may vary from 5 to 10.

`Angle c equals 3%, and `:may vary from 2 to.6.

Angle d equals 2%", and may vary from 1 to 5.

Angle e equals 41/2", and may vary from 3 to 7.

We have found that these dimensions provide an ellicient ejector which is correctly shaped in Y proportion to the motor on which it is used. 'I'he l `constriction of `the exhaust nozzle at a point i intermediate its ends permits a gradualexpansion of the gases as they pass through the ejector, thus more effectively drawing air from the suction chamber. We have `found our ejector to l be extremely desirable for its prescribed purpose and that it will act to prime a pump even though the pump is positioned a considerable distance above the source of `liquid supply.

In accordance with the patent statuteawe have times the` 10x? and may vary from deavored to set forth the best embodiments thereoffwe desire to have it `understood that obvious changes may be made Within the scope of the following claims Without departing from the spiritof our invention.

We claim:

` 1. A suction mechanism comprising an ejector` secured to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine of known maximum brake horsen l power,fw`hich engine functions as a source of fluid tion chamber encircling said nozzle, the smallest l pressure for operating the ejector, said ejector including a nozzle having a continuously tapered passage therethrough, said passage including an` inwardly tapered inlet portion and an outwardly tapered intermediate portion, and an outwardly l fiaredioutlet portion, a bore extending forwardly from said nozzle providing a combining tube inl alignment with the nozzle discharge,` and a sucinner area of said nozzle being in square inches from .00087 times the maximum brake horserear end of the bore, the nozzle including an inwardly tapered inlet portion and an outwardly tapered outlet portion, the area of the nozzle passage at its smallest diameter being in square inches from`.00087 times the maximum brake horsepower ofv the engine `to .0035 times the maximum brake horsepower of the engine, the

inlet portion tapering at an angle of from 2 to 6 degrees and the outlet portion of said nozzle be-V ing tapered at an angle of from 1,41 to 3 degrees and a flared end of greater taper at the outlet extremity of said nozzle. i

RALPH n. BoYLEs.

EDWARD WILHELM.

described the principles of construction and opl eration of our ejector, and While we have enl 

